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- 1870 Census, Lewis Co, WV (Willey Twp), enumerated on Aug 31 1870:
Madison Smith, 24, farmer, value of real estate (blank), value of personal estate $150, cannot read/write; Manerva, 24, cannot write; James W, 2.
1880 Census, Lewis Co, WV (Freemans Creek District), enumerated on Jun 5 1880:
William Keener, 59, farmer; wife Rosanna, 55, cannot read/write; dau Sarah, 24, cannot write; son Thomas, 21, single, works on farm; son Aaron, 17, works on farm, cannot write; Louis L. (relationship blank), 12, works on farm; dau Manerva Smith, 35, widowed; grandson James W. Smith, 12; grandson George T. Smith; grandson Alvin L. Smith; Sarah O. Smith (relationship blank), 7 months, birth month December.
NOTE: Manerva's stated marital status was incorrect. It was not unusual in those time for women, and sometimes men, to claim to be widowed rather than admit to the perceived shame of separation or divorce. At some point, her husband moved to Roane County, where he remarried, had a family, and died in 1938. Manerva retained the Smith surname for the rest of her life. When she died in 1916, her death record gave her marital status as widowed.
1900 Census, Lewis Co, WV (Freemans Creek District), enumerated on Jun 11 1900:
Minerva Smith, 54, b. Sep 1845, widowed, mother of 1 [sic] child (still living), farmer; son Alvin, 25, b. May 1875, single, grocery salesman; niece Florence Bowman, 14, b. May 1886; niece Sarah Keener, 11, b. Sep 1888.
1910 Census, Lewis Co, WV (Freemans Creek District), enumerated on Apr 25 1910:
Alvin Smith, 34, merchant in general store, married 2 yrs; wife Ursula, 23, married 2 yrs, mother of 1 child (still living); son Ralph, 1; mother Manerva Smith, 64, widowed, mother of 2 [sic] children (both still living).
NOTE: The next enumerated household was that of Manerva's son George, his wife and their five children.
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